The Siege of Fort Boonesborough
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Heritage and Research
March 2026

Female Patriots
of the Revolution

Organization
NSDAR & Boone Society
Program
America 250
Deliverables
Presentation & Article
Subjects
Rebecca & Jemima Boone
Role
Researcher & Presenter
Patriot Ancestors
2 Verified
Organizations
NSDAR & Boone Society
Featured In
Compass Magazine

Two patriots,
in their own right.

The United States turns 250. The commemoration, America 250, honors the contributions that founded this country. This project recognizes two documented patriots of the Kentucky frontier: Rebecca Bryan Boone and Jemima Boone Callaway.

The work was invited by both the NSDAR and The Boone Society, and builds on earlier research published in The Boone Society's Compass Magazine in 2023. For America 250, it was expanded into a broader treatment of Rebecca and Jemima, delivered as a presentation in March 2026.

The patriot service of Rebecca and Jemima is documented in its own right, not borrowed from the notable men in their vicinity.
Eviza Lydia Howell
Eviza Lydia Coshow (née Howell), a granddaughter of Jemima Boone Callaway and primary source for the Draper Correspondence
Rebecca Bryan Boone
January 9, 1739 – March 18, 1813
Wife of Daniel Boone and matriarch of the Boone household at Fort Boonesborough. A documented markswoman. During the 1778 siege she extinguished fires set by flaming arrows on the fort roof, molded ammunition, and maintained the food and medical stores over the eleven days of the assault. She and Daniel were reinterred at Frankfort Cemetery, Kentucky, in 1845.
Jemima Boone Callaway
October 4, 1762 – August 30, 1834
Daughter of Daniel and Rebecca Boone. During the 1778 siege she left the fort after dark to gather spent musket balls, which were recast and returned to the defenders.

Defenders of
Fort Boonesborough.

The Siege of Boonesborough began on September 7, 1778, and continued for eleven days. A Shawnee force under Chief Blackfish, operating in coordination with British interests on the frontier during the broader Revolutionary War, laid siege to the stockade at Boonesborough. It remains among the longest frontier engagements of the war.

Both women are documented defenders. Rebecca served as markswoman and ammunition supplier. Jemima's nightly ammunition-gathering is preserved in the Draper Manuscript Collection, through correspondence from her granddaughter Eviza Lydia Coshow to the historian Dr. Lyman Copeland Draper.

Legacy: in 1943 a WWII Liberty ship, the SS Rebecca Boone, was named in Rebecca's honor.
Literature: Jemima's 1776 abduction is traditionally cited as source material for James Fenimore Cooper's The Last of the Mohicans (1826).
Art: the Boone family became subjects of nineteenth-century American paintings and engravings, including Karl Bodmer's 1852 Capture of the Daughters of Daniel Boone and Callaway by the Indians and Howard Pyle's 1887 siege illustrations.
The Siege of Fort Boonesborough
Jemima collecting musket balls in her apron, as orally told to Eviza.

The fort today,
in Madison Co., Kentucky.

The original Fort Boonesborough did not survive the nineteenth century. The site, however, is preserved. It carries a National Historic Landmark designation from the National Park Service and is administered as Fort Boonesborough State Park by the Kentucky Department of Parks. The park sits on the west bank of the Kentucky River in Madison County, between Richmond and Winchester. A working replica of the fort (built from roughly ten thousand southern yellow pine logs and dedicated in 1974) stands near the original location and operates seasonally from April through October, with resident artisans, cabins, blockhouses, and period demonstrations.

For descendants of the Boonesborough defenders, and for anyone working seriously on the Revolutionary-era frontier, the site is worth visiting.

Visit · Kentucky Department of Parks
Fort Boonesborough State Park · parks.ky.gov
Reconstructed cabins and split-rail fencing at Fort Boonesborough State Park, Madison County, Kentucky
The reconstructed Fort Boonesborough today: cabins, blockhouses, and split-rail fencing at the state park. Photograph by Photra99 on Flickr.

A granddaughter's
correspondence.

The frontier historian Dr. Lyman Copeland Draper (1815–1891) corresponded with Eviza Lydia Coshow, née Howell, a granddaughter of Jemima Boone Callaway, in an effort to preserve family accounts of the siege before they could be lost. Eviza was the eighth of fourteen children born to Susannah Callaway and Thomas James Howell of Howell's Prairie, St. Charles County, Missouri, and one of approximately eighty grandchildren of Daniel and Rebecca Boone. Despite having sight in only one eye and no formal education, she wrote to Draper at length across 1884 and 1885, relaying her grandmother's accounts as she learned them from first-hand oral history. Her letters are catalogued in the Draper Manuscript Collection, Series C (Kentucky Papers), Volume 21.

The nightly ammunition collection is known almost entirely through this correspondence. Jemima dictated her own memoir later in life, intending to correct inaccuracies in the published record; the manuscript was lost when the riverboat transporting it sank. Draper, for his part, had intended to incorporate Eviza's accounts into a biography of Daniel Boone that he did not live to complete.

"She would go out each night during the siege to collect spent musket balls in her apron, then remold them to use against the enemy the following day."

As told by Jemima Boone Callaway and transmitted through her granddaughter Eviza Lydia Coshow to Mr. Draper.

Another granddaughter,
the same work.

Britta is a direct descendant of Eviza Lydia Coshow, and part of a chain of granddaughters who have carried this record forward. Jemima's nightly collection of spent musket balls, preserved through Eviza's letters to Dr. Draper, had not previously been held by The Boone Society.